USS transform

The transform properties apply a 2D transformation to a visual element. You can use them to rotate, scale, or move a visual element.

If you change the layout of an element, Unity recalculates the layout of other elements in the same hierarchy. This recalculation might reduce an animation’s frame rate. Applying transform to an element reduces recalculations because it doesn’t change the layout of other elements in the hierarchy.

It’s possible to use transform to define the static appearance of a visual element. However, transform is best used for changes and animations. For example, if you want to make a visual element shake when an event happens in an application, set the position of the visual element using the regular layout properties such as top and left, and then use translate to align an offset relative to the initial position.

Transform includes the following properties:

Property	USS syntax	Description
Transform Origin	transform-origin	Represents the point of origin where rotation, scaling, and translation occur.
Translate	translate	Repositions the visual element in horizontal or vertical directions.
Scale	scale	Changes the apparent size, padding, border, and margins of a visual element. Negative values flip visual elements along the scale axis.
Rotate	rotate	Rotates a visual element. Positive values represent clockwise rotation and negative values represent counterclockwise rotation. You can set rotation with deg, grad, rad, or turn units. For more information on these units, see MDN Web Docs’s page on the <angle> CSS data type.

Note: All transformations are performed in the following order:

1. Scale
2. Rotate
3. Translate

You can set transform properties for a visual element using the controls in the UI Builder, within a USS file, or using a C# script.

Transform controls in the UI Builder

You can use the controls in the Transform section of the InspectorA Unity window that displays information about the currently selected GameObject, asset or project settings, allowing you to inspect and edit the values. More info
See in Glossary in the UI(User Interface) Allows a user to interact with your application. Unity currently supports three UI systems. More info
See in Glossary Builder to set the transform properties of a visual element.

Pivot Origin

The Pivot Origin widget sets the transform origin property. To use it, do one of the following:

• Click a point in the widget to set the origin to a corner, the center of an edge, or the center. You can also define the values using the keyboard. When the widget is in focus, use the arrow keys to specify a point in the widget.
• Enter values for X and Y and specify the unit.

Tip: You can enter % or px after values. This automatically changes the displayed unit in the unit selector. You can also drag to define the values in the X and Y boxes.

Note: The default value for the transform origin is center.

If you use percentages for both the X and Y values, the widget shows the new origin point when you edit the X and Y text boxes.

If you specify a transform origin point outside the element, such as having a value less than 0% or greater than 100%, the widget shows the directions of the X and Y axes.

Translate

The Translate control sets the translate property. To use it, enter values in the X and Y boxes and specify the unit.

Tip: You can enter % or px after values. This automatically changes the displayed unit in the unit selector. You can also drag to define the values in the X and Y boxes.

Scale

The Scale control sets the scale property. To use it, enter values in the X and Y boxes and specify the unit.

Tip: You can enter % or px after values. This automatically changes the displayed unit in the unit selector. You can also drag to define the values in the X and Y boxes.

Rotate

The Rotate control sets the rotate property. To use it, enter a value and specify the unit.

Tip: You can type deg, grad, rad, or turn after a value in the Rotate box. This automatically changes the displayed unit in the unit selector.

USS transform properties

You can use styling rules to set the transform properties for a visual element. You can set the styling rules within a USS file or inline in a UXML file.

transform-origin

The transform-origin property sets the transform origin along the X and Y axes in pixelsThe smallest unit in a computer image. Pixel size depends on your screen resolution. Pixel lighting is calculated at every screen pixel. More info
See in Glossary or percentages.

You can also use keywords to set the value of the transform-origin attribute. These keywords match the dots in the widget in the UI Builder. The following keywords are supported:

Pivot point	Keywords
Center	center center center (This is the default value)
Center of left edge	left left center center left
Center of right edge	right right center center right
Center of top edge	top top center center top
Center of bottom edge	bottom bottom center center bottom
Top-left corner	top left left top
Top-right corner	top right right top
Bottom-left corner	bottom left left bottom
Bottom-right corner	bottom right right bottom

Examples

transform-origin: 0% 100%;
transform-origin: 20px 10px;
transform-origin: 0px 100%;
transform-origin: 60% 10px;

translate

The translate property sets the translation along the X and Y axes in pixels or percentages relative to the size of this visual element. You can omit Y if it equals X.

Examples

translate: 80%;
translate: 35px;
translate: 5% 10px;
translate: 24px 0%;

scale

The scale property sets the scale along the X and Y axes in pixels or percentages. You can omit Y if it equals X.

The keyword none sets no scale.

Examples

scale: 2.5;
scale: -1 1;
scale: none;

rotate

The rotate property sets the rotation using a number or a unit.

The keyword none sets no rotation.

Examples

rotate: 45deg;
rotate: -100grad;
rotate: -3.14rad;
rotate: 0.75turn;
rotate: none;

Transform C# properties

You can set the transform properties for a visual element in a C# script.

IStyle.transformOrigin

The IStyle.transformOrigin property sets the transform origin.

The transformOrigin property of the style is of type StyleTransformOrigin. Its constructor takes a TransformOrigin as an argument. You can construct a new TransformOrigin using an X value and a Y value. The X value and the Y value are of type Length.

Examples

//This example sets the transform origin of the element to be 100 pixels from the left edge and 50% of the way down from the top edge.
element.style.transformOrigin = new StyleTransformOrigin(new TransformOrigin(new Length(100f, LengthUnit.Pixel), new Length(50f, LengthUnit.Percent)));

You can simplify the above code as follows using implicit conversions:

element.style.transformOrigin = new TransformOrigin(100, Length.Percent(50));

IStyle.translate

The IStyle.translate property sets the translation.

IStyle.translate is of type StyleTranslate. Its constructor takes a Translate as an argument. You can construct a new Translate using an X value and a Y value. The X value and the Y value are of type Length.

Examples

//This example sets the translation of the element. The X-axis is 10% and the Y-axis is 50 pixels.
element.style.translate = new StyleTranslate(new Translate(new Length(10f, LengthUnit.Percent), new Length(50f, LengthUnit.Pixel)));

You can simplify the above code as follows using implicit conversions:

element.style.translate = new Translate(Length.Percent(10), 50);

IStyle.scale

The IStyle.scale property sets the scale.

IStyle.scale is of type StyleScale. StyleScale’s constructor takes a Scale as an argument. You can construct this Scale with a Vector2.

Examples

element.style.scale = new StyleScale(new Scale(new Vector2(0.5f, -1f)));

You can simplify the code above as follows using implicit conversions:

element.style.scale = new Scale(new Vector2(0.5f, -1));

IStyle.rotate

The IStyle.rotate property sets the rotation.

The IStyle.rotate property is of type StyleRotate. The StyleRotate’s constructor takes a Rotate as an argument. You can construct this Rotate with an Angle. You can construct an Angle with a float and an optional AngleUnit enum, or you can use static methods Degrees(), Gradians(), Radians(), and Turns().

Examples

//Rotate by 180 degrees
elements[0].style.rotate = new StyleRotate(new Rotate(new Angle(180f, AngleUnit.Degree)));
//Rotate by 200 gradians
elements[1].style.rotate = new StyleRotate(new Rotate(new Angle(200f, AngleUnit.Gradian)));
//Rotate by pi radians
elements[2].style.rotate = new StyleRotate(new Rotate(new Angle(Mathf.PI, AngleUnit.Radian)));
//Rotate by half a turn
elements[3].style.rotate = new StyleRotate(new Rotate(new Angle(0.5f, AngleUnit.Turn)));

You can simplify the above code as follows:

//Rotate by 180 degrees
elements[0].style.rotate = new Rotate(180);
//Rotate by 200 gradians
elements[1].style.rotate = new Rotate(Angle.Gradians(200));
//Rotate by pi radians
elements[2].style.rotate = new Rotate(Angle.Radians(Mathf.PI));
//Rotate by half a turn
elements[3].style.rotate = new Rotate(Angle.Turns(0.5f));

Additional resources

• Layout engine
• CSS transform-origin property (Mozilla developer documentation)
• CSS translate property (Mozilla developer documentation)
• CSS rotate property (Mozilla developer documentation)
• CSS scale property (Mozilla developer documentation)